Which type of specification fosters the most competition among bidders?

The correct choice is performance specifications, which are designed to describe the desired outcomes or results of a project, rather than detailing the specific materials or methods to achieve those outcomes. This approach encourages competition among bidders by allowing them to propose innovative solutions and methodologies that meet the specified performance criteria.

Bidders have the flexibility to utilize various products and techniques as long as they demonstrate that they can meet the established performance objectives. This open-ended nature expands the pool of potential bidders since many companies may offer different approaches to achieve the same performance goals. Consequently, the competitive environment is enhanced as companies can differentiate themselves not only on price but also on their unique capabilities and innovations.

In contrast, proprietary specifications tend to limit competition as they restrict bids to specific manufacturers or products, which narrows the field of bidders. Descriptive specifications provide detailed descriptions of the materials and methods to be used, potentially stifling competition since they may favor those with substantial resources or access to specific products. Technical specifications can also limit competition if they become too detailed or prescriptive, thus inhibiting bidders from presenting alternative solutions that might better meet the project's needs.